The Science of Bubbles: Carbonation in Tonic Water
When it comes to classic cocktails, one mixer has stood the test of time, providing a unique and refreshing flavour profile. We are talking about tonic water. The carbonated drink’s distinct taste, derived from the bitter bark of the cinchona tree, has made it a staple in many beloved drinks such as the Gin and Tonic. But have you ever wondered about the science behind the bubbles and the key ingredient, quinine? This article delves into the fascinating world of tonic water, exploring the science that makes it such a versatile and delightful mixer.
Tonic water has time and again proved its efficacy as the perfect mixer. Its refreshing flavour profile due to the bitterness in it complements the sweeter taste and notes from botanicals in cocktails. The fizzy texture adds to the mouthfeel of any drink you add tonic water to and makes it refreshing. Below, we deconstruct the science behind the bubbly and bitter quality of tonic water.
Tonic Water: A Brief History
Before we dissect tonic water's properties and understand its bubbly and bitter nature, let's take a quick dive into its history. Europeans who colonised South America in the 18th century observed how native locals used the bark of the cinchona tree to cure fevers and other illnesses. The bark of the cinchona tree contains quinine alkaloids which gives it a bitter taste. While the bark is unpalatable on its own, it became the key ingredient in creating tonic water, which carried its bitter taste and medicinal properties.
Significance Of Quinine
The very chemical that makes tonic water what it is today is quinine. It provides not only a bitter taste but also several medicinal properties. British colonists in India would mix quinine with water, sugar and gin to combat malaria, and thereby led to the creation of the Gin and Tonic. Of course, the concentration of quinine in today's tonic water is quite less than what it used to be in the past. And tonic water is no longer used as a medicinal substance. Quinine in tonic water is carefully regulated to make sure it is safe for consumption. Today, its only role in tonic water is to provide it with its signature bitter taste.
Carbonation and Bubbles In Tonic Water
Just like carbonated beverages, tonic water too has effervescence due to the dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) in it. Due to this, tonic water has a pleasantly tingling sensation which adds to the overall experience of consuming it. The process of carbonation takes place by dissolving carbon dioxide (CO2) gas under pressure into the water. Thus, when the pressure is released, the gas escapes in the drink in the form of bubbles and creates a fizz.
Benefits Of Tonic Water
The fizzy nature and bitter flavour of tonic water have made it a classic mixer that can be used not only with gin but also with other spirits such as vodka and rum. Though it is no longer used as a medicine, it continues to be relevant due to its enduring flavour profile and texture. So, next time you mix tonic water to make a drink, give yourself a pleasant reminder of the simple science that makes it what it is, so you can appreciate its fascinating composition.
While it is fun to learn about alcoholic drinks and their supporting components, always remember to serve and drink responsibly to ensure you and your guests are healthy and out of harm's way. If you know anyone who has trouble controlling their alcohol intake, please refer them to a professional immediately.
